The life and times of the most recent parish priest of St Joseph`s and St Wilfrid`s, Gateshead who is also chaplain to the North of England for the Latin Mass Society.
Tuesday, 17 May 2016
Corpus Christi
There will be a Solemn High Mass with procession and Benediction for Corpus Christi again this year at St Joseph`s on Thursday 26th May at 7pm. Refreshments afterwards. Music by the Westland Singers. The celebrant once again will be Fr Bede Rowe.
Saturday, 7 May 2016
And yet another Oratory.
No sooner do I mention it and another appears! From the website of the Sacred Heart, Bournemouth.
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| Sacred Heart, Bournemouth |
A new Oratory in formation is being inaugurated at Sacred Heart Church in Bournemouth on September 8 2016. Bishop Philip Egan of Portsmouth has invited Fr Dominic Jacob CO (co-founder of the Oxford Oratory) and Fr Peter Edwards and Fr David Hutton, generously released by the Archbishop of Southwark for this project in his Province, to begin an Oratorian Community of St Philip Neri as part of a major evangelisation drive. Fr Peter, Fr Dominic and Fr David will begin their ministry on the feast of Our Lady’s Birthday, at the church which is situated in the heart of Bournemouth, surrounded by university accommodation, many language school students, diverse ethnic communities, and homelessness, beside long-standing residents, the hospitality industry, business and commerce. In accordance with the charism of their Patron, St Philip Neri, the Oratory in formation will be devoted to offering sacramental support through daily Mass and Confessions, Eucharistic Adoration and formation in the spiritual life, alongside pastoral care of students, the growing number of homeless, others in need, all who make up the local population, and the thousands who pass the doors of Sacred Heart each day.
Following the announcement, Bishop Philip Egan of Portsmouth said: “The Diocese has areas of real deprivation and poverty. There are immigrants and foreign nationals from Eastern Europe and overseas, as well as university and college students away from home. This is a pastoral situation that is urgent. It impels action. “We need to engage with those who have not yet met the Lord Jesus in Person nor taken to heart the salvation and eternal life He offers. More than ever we need today to be confident and clear in witnessing to the Person of Jesus Christ and the truths of the Catholic faith, in order to help people find the Way to authentic humanism and happiness. This is why I am delighted by the new project beginning at Sacred Heart parish.” St Philip Neri, Apostle of Rome and Saint of Joy, continues to inspire secular priests today to form communities, without vows, living together in the bond of charity, with the Oratorian charism of prayer, preaching and celebration of the Sacraments, not least in the Confessional.
St Philip’s primary apostolate of forming young people in the life of prayer and pastoral care, particularly for the sick and needy, also attracts many by excellence in liturgy and music, through catechesis, and in the New Evangelization through culture and the arts. This latest Community of St Philip Neri is a Society of Apostolic Life under the direction of the Oratorian Confederation’s Procurator General in Rome for whom the Oxford Oratory and York Oratory-in-Formation have been the formative inspiration.
Friday, 6 May 2016
Oratory Explosion
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| Cardiff Oratory in formation. |
At the minute there is a lot of soul-searching in Hexham and Newcastle. We are well into the three year programme `Forward Together in Hope`. This has involved parish meetings to respond to a big questionnaire about what goes on in the parish and what our hopes for the future are.We attend deanery meetings at which we are asked `What is the Church for?` I thought that had been worked out by Christ and the apostles but, while I suppose it is useful to ask if only to remind ourselves, it does suggest that the `Forward` bit of FTIH doesn`t really know where the it is going. Then we have the deanery meetings of clergy where we spend hours mulling over `What is confirmation for?`The last discussion was drawn to a close after nearly two hours so we have to meet again to continue mulling. I have developed an inability to listen to the word `community` as it gets mentioned sometimes in every sentence.
In the meantime decline goes on.
Not everywhere however. Today on Facebook I came across something I`d not seen: a page on the Oratory in Formation in Cardiff. This was the first I`d heard of it. So in recent years the two original houses of the Oratory in London and Birmingham have been joined by new houses in Oxford, Manchester and York and now Cardiff. This is quite amazing growth at a time when most the time all we hear from the Catholic Church in England and Wales is about places closing down. So we don`t have to be in decline. Vocations are there. The FSSP draws many inquirers and I imagine the Institute of Christ the King does too, yet I don`t bother mentioning this in the deanery meetings as people wouldn`t be interested. Lancaster, Middlesborough, Salford, Liverpool and Shrewsbury now all have either an Oratory or the house of an Ecclesia Dei institute and the new bishop of Leeds is said to want to create a centre in his diocese for the Extraordinary Form. Hexham and Newcastle is looking like the odd man out in the Northern Province.
This is from the Archdiocese of Cardiff website.
Oratory of St Philip Neri in formation in Cardiff
On 11th February 2016 The Archbishop of Cardiff, Most Rev George
Stack, gave his permission for the establishment of an Oratory of St
Philip Neri at the University Chaplaincy, Cardiff. This ‘community in
formation’ was established by decree on
22nd March 2016 of Fr. Mario Aviles, Procurator General of the
Confederation of the Oratories, Rome. Fr. Ignatius Harrison was
appointed Delegate to the community in Cardiff. Fr. Sebastian (Gareth)
Jones was appointed Moderator of the community in formation.
On Friday 29th April, Fr. Ignatius Harrison visited Newman Hall and the University Church to formally cloth Fr. Sebastian and Bro Ambrose Jackson establishing this new community of ‘Oratorians’. The Congregation of St. Philip Neri is Pontifical Society of Apostolic Life. It is made up of priests and lay brothers who live in community in a bond of charity, with no formal religious vows. Although some oratories may have a dominant mission, such as maintaining a school, in general the members of the Oratory spend the day involved in various ministries: teaching, parish work, spiritual direction, campus ministry, hospital chaplaincies, administration or maintaining the fabric of the community house.
In order for the Cardiff Oratory to be formally founded, the community will need to increase to four members comprising two priests and two brothers. Fr. Sebastian will continue his work as Chaplain to Cardiff University.
More information about the Cardiff Oratory information can be found here. We wish the new community well as they start out within the Welsh Province.
On Friday 29th April, Fr. Ignatius Harrison visited Newman Hall and the University Church to formally cloth Fr. Sebastian and Bro Ambrose Jackson establishing this new community of ‘Oratorians’. The Congregation of St. Philip Neri is Pontifical Society of Apostolic Life. It is made up of priests and lay brothers who live in community in a bond of charity, with no formal religious vows. Although some oratories may have a dominant mission, such as maintaining a school, in general the members of the Oratory spend the day involved in various ministries: teaching, parish work, spiritual direction, campus ministry, hospital chaplaincies, administration or maintaining the fabric of the community house.
In order for the Cardiff Oratory to be formally founded, the community will need to increase to four members comprising two priests and two brothers. Fr. Sebastian will continue his work as Chaplain to Cardiff University.
More information about the Cardiff Oratory information can be found here. We wish the new community well as they start out within the Welsh Province.
Thursday, 5 May 2016
The appointment of priests can be a difficult business
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| Bishop Prasad Gallela |
Priests are sometimes disappointed in their appointments. Some, it seems, can be so disappointed they kidnap the bishop. This story popped up recently from India. This was their fifth attempt to kidnap him. More here.
MUMBAI – Police in India on Monday arrested 14 people for the kidnapping and beating of a Catholic bishop on April 25, including three of the bishop’s own priests, at least one of whom is believed to have been upset that he was recently denied a requested position in the diocese.
The main culprit charged in the arrest is Father Raja Reddy from Jammalamadugu, located in the diocese of Cuddapah in southern India, which is led by Bishop Prasad Gallela, 54, who is currently recovering from injuries sustained in the kidnapping.
Sources told Crux that Raja Reddy had requested the position of “procurator” in the diocese, which would have allowed him to exercise certain powers in the name of the bishop, but was turned down.Gallela and his driver were kidnapped on April 25 at a village called Nagasanepalle by a group of persons who showered blows on him, blindfolded and tied him up, and took him to an undisclosed place and demanded a ransom of roughly $75,000.
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| Major breakthrough:Kadapa SP Navin Gulati presenting the arrested persons before the media in Kadapa on Monday. Presumably the guilty priests are among the hooded men. |
Sunday, 3 April 2016
A useful resource.
Just about three pages to go to finish Unfaithful Music. It seems to have taken forever but it is 670 pages long and theres quite a lot about American musicians I`ve never heard of which was hard going. It has yielded a few more Catholic bits and pieces but the most useful came with his mention of his baptism (p.83) which he says was in church of the Holy Cross in Birkenhead. he adds:
So I googled Holy Cross Birkenhead and found a link on the Taking Stock website which was hitherto unknown to me. Holy Cross Birkenhead is indeed an exciting modern design. How sad it is now redundant.
However there are still priests in Birkenhead one of whom I see is a contemporary of mine in canon law at the Greg, Fr Nick Kern. Nevertheless the Taking Stock website was well worth finding as it lists every Catholic church in England and Wales with pictures and a description. There are quite a few churches in this diocese I`ve never been in so I enjoyed looking them up.
Unfaithful Music was most interesting in its telling the story of EC`s relationship with his father and the account of his father`s death was very moving. Also there were insights into some of his lyrics I`ve never understood.
Now on to Mgr McReavy and Vatican II. I`ve looked at the introduction and learning that Vatican II was the most important event in the church since 1054 made me think this might not be the book for me but my good friend Fr Cooper tells me that it is unputdownable once you get started so I look forward to it. I hope I`ll understand better what it was all about....
The church then was a brand-new building of a modern design. Today it`s defunct and sits behind a roll shutter to deter vandals. The priests have all left town.
So I googled Holy Cross Birkenhead and found a link on the Taking Stock website which was hitherto unknown to me. Holy Cross Birkenhead is indeed an exciting modern design. How sad it is now redundant.
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| Holy Cross Birkenhead |
Unfaithful Music was most interesting in its telling the story of EC`s relationship with his father and the account of his father`s death was very moving. Also there were insights into some of his lyrics I`ve never understood.
Now on to Mgr McReavy and Vatican II. I`ve looked at the introduction and learning that Vatican II was the most important event in the church since 1054 made me think this might not be the book for me but my good friend Fr Cooper tells me that it is unputdownable once you get started so I look forward to it. I hope I`ll understand better what it was all about....
Wednesday, 16 March 2016
Feast of St Joseph
On Saturday we will be celebrating our patronal festival with a Solemn High Mass at 11am. Music by the Rudgate Singers. They are singing the ordinary to a setting by Grossi, a name unfamiliar to me but I imagine this may be him. Shared table afterwards in the Ingram Hall.
Sunday, 6 March 2016
Bede`s World: update
Thursday, 3 March 2016
Unfaithful Music and Disappearing Ink: Is there a lot of this going on?
A few years ago I was somewhat taken aback when a friend told me that when she a schoolgirl they were taken regularly to confession and she couldn`t think of anything to confess so made up a list of sins and always added at the end `And I`ve told lies` to cover herself. Personally I`ve never had this problem. However I was watching Adrian Chiles recent programme, an exploration of Mediterranean religions, and was interested when he started with his atheist Croatian mother who had become an atheist as a child because she hated going to confession when she had nothing she could think of to confess. `Interesting`, I thought. Then this year I have started reading Elvis Costello`s new autobiography. From the time I set eyes on the LP cover of his first album. My Aim Is True, at a student party on South Street at St Andrews in 1979, I was intrigued at a figue that looked like a cross between Buddy Holly and Woody Allen, called himself Elvis and was steeped in the tradition of the genre and yet was something new.
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All this makes me wonder whether this still goes on with first confessions? In my twenty-six years as a priest I`ve never heard any child make a confession like Costello`s and they all seeem to have been sincere but next time I`ll be more aware of this. Maybe Pius X`s move wasn`t that great if we ask for confession before first Holy Communion for children when it is the only time the Church requires confession for non-mortal sins before receiving Communion. I`ve no idea what the answer is.
I enjoy reading and was reminded recently by abbot Cuthbert that I promised to read his book on Mgr McReavy and Vatican II. I got my copy yesterday and have started and will report in due course!
Friday, 26 February 2016
Derwentwater Mass
All went well on Wednesday night with a good turnout of 60-80 people. It was quite something to hear a parish choir singing a five-part Requiem.Dr Leo Gooch gave a summary of the life and times of the earl before Mass. I only spotted four white roses of the Northumbrian Jacobites! However it was a great occasion and many thanks to Fr Warren for hosting the event.
Wednesday, 24 February 2016
The 300th anniversary: James Radcliffe.
From an old Roman Catholic family, with their seat at Dilston, Hexham
in Northumberland, James Radcliffe was the eldest son of Lady Mary
Tudor, an illegitimate daughter of
Charles ll, and Edward Radcliffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater. At the age
of thirteen he was sent to Saint-Germain at the request of Queen Mary,
widow of James ll, to be a companion for the young Prince James Francis
Edward.
Here he was tutored
at the Jesuit College of St Louis le Grand in Paris. Inheriting the
Derwentwater Estates in 1705, he returned to England four years later
and took up residence at Dilston, becoming a prominent figure in
Northern society and a focus for Jacobite support. He was noted for
being a man of great charm and kindness, and was highly thought of by
friends and tenants alike. In 1712 he married Anna Maria Webb, a
Catholic heiress, and left Dilston for a period of two years to live at
Hatherop in Gloucestershire, a property belonging to the family of his
wife. During this time, the old manor house of the Radcliffes was being
rebuilt and transformed into Dilston Hall, a grand and stately mansion,
more befitting the needs of the fashionable young Earl.
Returning here with his wife and baby son in July 1714, it was only one month before Queen Anne was dead and George of Hanover was established on the English throne. Jacobite unrest broke out and gradually became widespread. By the following year plans to restore the exiled Stuarts by force of arms were well underway. The Earl was a key player in the 1715 Rising in which he took an active part.
After surrendering at Preston, he was attainted and condemned to death. Attempts to win a reprieve were in vain and he was beheaded on Tower Hill on 24 February 1716. His remains were secretly conveyed north for burial in Dilston Chapel. As the cortège bearing his coffin reached the outskirts of Durham City, the skies were spectacularly lit up by a brilliant display of the aurora borealis (the Northern Lights).
It was immediately rumoured that this was an omen of heaven's wrath at the death of the gentle and popular Earl. The lights were afterwards known in the north of England as 'Lord Derwentwater's Lights'. With this superstition the Derwentwater legend was born, and the dramatic and tragic events of the Earl's short life were soon firmly entrenched in Northumbrian folklore.
Returning here with his wife and baby son in July 1714, it was only one month before Queen Anne was dead and George of Hanover was established on the English throne. Jacobite unrest broke out and gradually became widespread. By the following year plans to restore the exiled Stuarts by force of arms were well underway. The Earl was a key player in the 1715 Rising in which he took an active part.
After surrendering at Preston, he was attainted and condemned to death. Attempts to win a reprieve were in vain and he was beheaded on Tower Hill on 24 February 1716. His remains were secretly conveyed north for burial in Dilston Chapel. As the cortège bearing his coffin reached the outskirts of Durham City, the skies were spectacularly lit up by a brilliant display of the aurora borealis (the Northern Lights).
It was immediately rumoured that this was an omen of heaven's wrath at the death of the gentle and popular Earl. The lights were afterwards known in the north of England as 'Lord Derwentwater's Lights'. With this superstition the Derwentwater legend was born, and the dramatic and tragic events of the Earl's short life were soon firmly entrenched in Northumbrian folklore.
Tuesday, 23 February 2016
Arcady: February 18th 1996-February 23rd 2016
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| 20th Birthday celebration |
Sad to say, my oldest cat, Arcady died this morning. Last night I discovered all his
legs were useless. I gave him water on a spoon and he gulped it down.
Then this morning he wanted no more water but had a couple of slices of
beef. I took him to the vet who said there was no hope and that pain,
toxins and kidney trouble had got the better of him. So after saying
goodbye I took him to the garden at St Wilfrid`s where he spent his
first ten years and buried him with his brother, Mico, who was killed
age 3 in 1999. He`s very much missed already.
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| On arrival at St Wilfrid`s |
Thursday, 18 February 2016
Solemn High Requiem
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| James Radcliffe |
There will be a Solemn High Requiem Mass in the Extraordinary Form, to mark the 300th anniversary of the execution of James Radcliffe, third Earl of Derwentwater and a leader of the 1715 Jacobite rebellion for the restoration of the Stuart monarchy, at St Mary`s Catholic church, Hexham on Wednesday 24th February at 7pm. The choir will sing a five part Requiem by Morales. Dr Leo Gooch will give a short account of the life of the earl immediately before Mass and it is hoped that members of the Radcliffe family will be in attendance. After Mass a wreath will be laid and a retiring collection will be taken for the restoration of `The Radcliffe Cross` in the forecourt.
Tea and biscuits will be served afterwards.
Tea and biscuits will be served afterwards.
Wednesday, 17 February 2016
Sussidio!!!
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| Not canonical |
Since the beginning of the month we have been told the Roman Rota has issued a 72 page Sussidio applicativo giving insights into the correct application of Mitis Judex. It was said to have been sent to bishops ( for their new role as judges in the briefer annulment process?), it was said to be on sale in Rome but no-one could find it, there was no mention of it on the website of the Roman Rota. Then today as I finished speaking I couldn`t believe my eyes as our chancellor handed me a copy. I`m doing the same talk tomorrow for the northern end of the diocese but I doubt I`ll digest 72 pages of Italian by then!
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| Very canonical |
Bede`s World
I know it`s hard to believe today but there was a time when Jarrow, under St Bede (672-735), was at the cutting edge of learning in theology, history and science. Jarrow hasn`t forgotten and in 1983 there was created a visitor attraction `Bede`s World` which celebrated the Christian and Benedictine heritage of the North East. School parties would go and dress as monks to learn about the life and see the recreation of a Saxon settlement and farm. Adjacent is the church of St Paul, attached to Bede`s monastery, whose chancel dates to 681 and in which there are pieces of Saxon of stained glass.I had thought of organising a Latin Mass in the church as they seemed open to the idea). It offered an interesting introduction to the Catholic and Saxon heritage of the North East to its visitors. (However I could never understand why the otherwise faithful display of the monastic horarium made no mention of Mass.)
It was a good place to take visitors.
Sadly on Friday last week it shut its doors. This was a surprise as it came without warning. A funding shortage was blamed. A campaign has begun to save it. I hope they succeed. Even Billy Bragg wants to save it.
The other Bragg, Melvyn, has said;
“What is totally depressing and gives no service at all to this generation and offers a bleak inheritance to the next generation and for generations to come is the regularity of hundreds of years with which London has kicked the North in the teeth.”
There`s a petition to sign too.
It was a good place to take visitors.
Sadly on Friday last week it shut its doors. This was a surprise as it came without warning. A funding shortage was blamed. A campaign has begun to save it. I hope they succeed. Even Billy Bragg wants to save it.
The other Bragg, Melvyn, has said;
“What is totally depressing and gives no service at all to this generation and offers a bleak inheritance to the next generation and for generations to come is the regularity of hundreds of years with which London has kicked the North in the teeth.”
There`s a petition to sign too.
Tuesday, 16 February 2016
More from Russia
This is an amazing new church built with the donations of the faithful, in Moscow. I can`t imagine the Catholic Church in England producing anything like this today.
It is the church of the Protection of the Mother of God at Yasenevo. There is more to read and see here. Amongst Catholics, the nearest that comes close to this is the work of Duncan Stroik in the USA. I was particularly interested to read that this Russian church was based on the style of Sicilian cathedrals of the 12th century such as Monreale seen below, as it seems to offer a bridge between East and West.
I know Western church architecture has never stood still ( although the Gothic Revival opted for that direction) but we are all too often confronted with buildings that don`t even seem to try to raise the mind and heart to God.
It is the church of the Protection of the Mother of God at Yasenevo. There is more to read and see here. Amongst Catholics, the nearest that comes close to this is the work of Duncan Stroik in the USA. I was particularly interested to read that this Russian church was based on the style of Sicilian cathedrals of the 12th century such as Monreale seen below, as it seems to offer a bridge between East and West.
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| Monreale |
I know Western church architecture has never stood still ( although the Gothic Revival opted for that direction) but we are all too often confronted with buildings that don`t even seem to try to raise the mind and heart to God.
Saturday, 13 February 2016
Friday, 12 February 2016
The Blog re-awakens
Well the days are getting longer, the sun has been seen for three consecutive days and so it is time to come out of hibernation. I had thought I`d not wake up until after the next conclave but there`s too much to do. So here we go.
Saturday, 19 December 2015
CHRISTMAS MASS TIMES
St Joseph`s Christmas Eve 5pm vigil Mass, Christmas Day 10.30am.
St Wilfrid`s Christmas Eve 6.30pm, 9pm Shepherds` Mass (Polish), Midnight (Latin). Christmas Day: 10.am Polish Mass.
Carol singing half an hour before Christmas Eve Masses
Wednesday, 16 December 2015
The future is not where the older generation seems to think it is
Even the Tablet has noticed! An interesting article this week by Carmody Grey. Find it here. Some excerpts.
It’s only a matter of time,” they say: my parents’ generation, the generation of Catholics that lived through the Second Vatican Council and put their hopes in it. Only a matter of time till the Church realises what it must do to have a future. It must be avant-garde, open, progressive; it must grasp that seismic changes have taken place in the moral, spiritual and technological expectations of young people; it must adapt to contemporary customs and mores. If the Church does not respond to these expectations, it will become marginalised and irrelevant.
Young Catholics who are actually practising their faith seek a countercultural identity: a sense of self and a community which sets them apart from their peers, which makes them feel, as every new generation wants to feel, that they are special. Just as the Sixties generation did in its turn, they are “rebelling”, but what they are rebelling against is the moral and spiritual drabness and homogeneity of contemporary youth culture. The Catholics whose faith journeys I have shared, whom I live and work with, want a religious identity that is proudly at cross-purposes with what surrounds them; that is unashamedly traditional, in contrast to the prevailing obsession with the novel and the transient. They want markers of this counterculture to be apparent at the deepest level of their behaviour and identity. Catholic sexual and gender ethics is one of the ways many of them stand in strongest relief against their social background. Older Catholics would be surprised by how many of them admire the “theology of the body”, resist gay marriage, embrace gender roles and look forward to practising natural family planning. They celebrate discipline and expect high standards of religious observance. They know and rejoice in their differences from Protestants, and, in particular, from Anglicans. Their heroes are John Paul II and Benedict XVI.
Carmody Grey is a doctoral student in theology at the University of Bristol.
It’s only a matter of time,” they say: my parents’ generation, the generation of Catholics that lived through the Second Vatican Council and put their hopes in it. Only a matter of time till the Church realises what it must do to have a future. It must be avant-garde, open, progressive; it must grasp that seismic changes have taken place in the moral, spiritual and technological expectations of young people; it must adapt to contemporary customs and mores. If the Church does not respond to these expectations, it will become marginalised and irrelevant.
Young Catholics who are actually practising their faith seek a countercultural identity: a sense of self and a community which sets them apart from their peers, which makes them feel, as every new generation wants to feel, that they are special. Just as the Sixties generation did in its turn, they are “rebelling”, but what they are rebelling against is the moral and spiritual drabness and homogeneity of contemporary youth culture. The Catholics whose faith journeys I have shared, whom I live and work with, want a religious identity that is proudly at cross-purposes with what surrounds them; that is unashamedly traditional, in contrast to the prevailing obsession with the novel and the transient. They want markers of this counterculture to be apparent at the deepest level of their behaviour and identity. Catholic sexual and gender ethics is one of the ways many of them stand in strongest relief against their social background. Older Catholics would be surprised by how many of them admire the “theology of the body”, resist gay marriage, embrace gender roles and look forward to practising natural family planning. They celebrate discipline and expect high standards of religious observance. They know and rejoice in their differences from Protestants, and, in particular, from Anglicans. Their heroes are John Paul II and Benedict XVI.
Carmody Grey is a doctoral student in theology at the University of Bristol.
Tuesday, 15 December 2015
Entirely Fitting
Bishop Alexander Sample on "ad orientem" Worship
Also this from Cardinal Sarah, the prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship in the June 12 edition of L’Osservatore Romano
Contrary to what has sometimes been maintained, it is in full conformity with the conciliar Constitution—indeed, it is entirely fitting—for everyone, priest and congregation, to turn together to the East during the penitential rite, the singing of the Gloria, the orations, and the Eucharistic prayer, in order to express the desire to participate in the work of worship and redemption accomplished by Christ. This practice could well be established in cathedrals, where liturgical life must be exemplary (cf. §41). Of course it is understood that there are other parts of the Mass in which the priest, acting in persona Christi Capitis, enters into nuptial dialogue with the assembly. But this face-to-face has no other purpose than to lead to a tete-à-tete with God, which, through the grace of the Holy Spirit, will become a heart-to-heart. The Council thus proposes additional means to favor participation: “acclamations, responses, psalmody, antiphons and songs, as well as…actions, gestures, and bodily attitudes” (§30).
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